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【名称】


经济社会文化权利国际公约
(International Covenant on Economic Social and Cultural Rights)


【发布单位】联合国大会
【发布日期】一九六六年十二月十九日
1.自1966年12月19日起得由各国在纽约签署之本盟约;1976年1月3日生效
 

【章节索引】
第壹编 §1
第贰编 §2
第参编 §6
第肆编 §16
第伍编 §26


【前文】

  本公约缔约国,鉴于依据联合国宪章揭示之原则,人类一家,对于人人天赋尊严及其平等而且不可割让权利之确认,实系世界自由、正义与和平之基础。
  确认此种权利源于天赋人格尊严,确认依据世界人权宣示之昭示,唯有创造环境,使人人除享有公民及政治权利而外,更得享受经济社会文化权利,始克实现自由人类享受无恐惧不虞匮乏之理想,鉴于联合国宪章之规定,各国负有义务,必须促进人权及自由之普遍尊重及遵守。
  明认个人对他人及对其隶属之社会,负有义务,故职责所在,必须力求本公约所确认各种权利之促进及遵守,爰议定条款如下:


【Preamble】

  The States Parties to the present Covenant,
  Considering that, in accordance with the principles proclaimed in the Charter of the United Nations, recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world,
  Recognizing that these rights derive from the inherent dignity of the human person,Recognizing that, in accordance with the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the ideal of free human beings enjoying freedom from fear and want can only be achieved if conditions are created whereby everyone may enjoy his economic, social and cultural rights, as well as his civil and political rights,
  Considering the obligation of States under the Charter of the United Nations to promote universal respect for, and observance of, human rights and freedoms,
  Realizing that the individual, having duties to other individuals and to the community to which he belongs, is under a responsibility to strive for the promotion and observance of the rights recognized in the present Covenant,
  Agree upon the following articles:
                                            回索引〉〉

【内容】

第壹编

第1条


  一、所有民族均享有自决权,根据此种权利,自由决定其政治地位及自由从事其经济、社会与文化之发展。
  二、所有民族得为本身之目的,自由处置其天然财富及资源,但不得妨害因基于互惠原则之国际经济合作及因国际法而生之任何义务。无论在何种情形下,民族之生计不容剥夺。
  三、本公约缔约国,包括负责管理非自治及托管领土之国家在内,均应遵照联合国宪章规定,促进自决权之实现并尊重此种权利。

PART I

Article 1


  1.All peoples have the right of self-determination.By virtue of that right they freelydetermine their political status and freely pursue their economic, social and culturaldevelopment.
  2.All peoples may, for their own ends, freely dispose of their natural wealth andresources without prejudice to any obligations arising out of international economicco-operation, based upon the principle of mutual benefit, and international law.Inno case may a people be deprived of its own means of subsistence.
  3.The States Parties to the present Covenant, including those having responsibilityfor the administration of Non-Self-Governing and Trust Territories, shall promotethe realization of the right of self-determination, and shall respect that right, inconformity with the provisions of the Charter of the United Nations.

                                            回索引〉〉

第贰编

第2条


  一、本公约缔约国承允尽其资源能力所及,各自并藉国际协助与合作,特别在经济与技术方面之协助与合作,采取种种步骤,务期以所有适当方法,尤其包括通过立法措施,逐渐使本公约所确认之各种权利完全实现。
  二、本公约缔约国承允保证人人行使本公约所载之各种权利,不因种族、肤色、性别、语言、家教、政见或其他主张、民族本源或社会阶级、财产、出生或其他身分等等而受歧视。
  三、发展中国家在适当顾及人权及国民经济之情形下,得决定保证非本国国民享受本公约所确认经济权利之程度。

PART II

Article 2


  1.Each State Party to the present Covenant undertakes to take steps, individuallyand through international assistance and co-operation, especially economic andtechnical, to the maximum of its available resources, with a view to achievingprogressively the full realization of the rights recognized in the present Covenant byall appropriate means, including particularly the adoption of legislative measures.
  2.The States Parties to the present Covenant undertake to guarantee that therights enunciated in the present Covenant will be exercised without discriminationof any kind as to race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion,national or social origin, property, birth or other status.
  3.Developing countries, with due regard to human rights and their nationaleconomy, may determine to what extent they would guarantee the economic rightsrecognized in the present Covenant to non-nationals.

第3条


  本公约缔约国承允确保本公约所载一切经济社会文化权利之享受,男女权利一律平等。

Article 3


  The States Parties to the present Covenant undertake to ensure the equal right ofmen and women to the enjoyment of all economic, social and cultural rights setforth in the present Covenant.

第4条


  本公约缔约国确认人民享受国家遵照本公约规定所赋予之权利时,国家对此类权利仅得加以法律明定之限制,又其所定限制以与此类权利之性质不相抵触为准,且加以限制之唯一目的应在增进民主社会之公共福利。

Article 4


  The States Parties to the present Covenant recognize that, in the enjoyment ofthose rights provided by the State in conformity with the present Covenant, theState may subject such rights only to such limitations as are determined by law only
  in so far as this may be compatible with the nature of these rights and solely for thepurpose of promoting the general welfare in a democratic society.

第5条


  一、本公约条文不得解释为国家、团体或个人有权从事活动或实行行为,破坏本公约确认之任何权利或自由,或限制此种权利或自由逾越本盟约规定之程度。
  二、任何国家内依法律、公约、条例或习俗而承认或存在之任何基本人权,不得藉口本公约未予确认或确认之范围较狭.而加以限制或减免义务。

Article 5


  1.Nothing in the present Covenant may be interpreted as implying for any State,group or person any right to engage in any activity or to perform any act aimed atthe destruction of any of the rights or freedoms recognized herein, or at theirlimitation to a greater extent than is provided for in the present Covenant.
  2.No restriction upon or derogation from any of the fundamental human rightsrecognized or existing in any country in virtue of law, conventions, regulations orcustom shall be admitted on the pretext that the present Covenant does notrecognize such rights or that it recognizes them to a lesser extent.

                                            回索引〉〉

第参编

第6条


  一、本公约缔约国确认人人有工作之权利,包括人人应有机会凭本人自由选择或接受之工作谋生之权利,并将采取适当步骤保障之。
  二、本公约缔约国为求完全实现此种权利而须采取之步骤,应包括技术与职业指导及训练方案、政策与方法,以便在保障个人基本政治与经济自由之条件下,造成经济、社会及文化之稳步发展以及充分之生产性就业。

PART III

Article 6


  1.The States Parties to the present Covenant recognize the right to work, whichincludes the right of everyone to the opportunity to gain his living by work which hefreely chooses or accepts, and will take appropriate steps to safeguard this right.
  2.The steps to be taken by a State Party to the present Covenant to achieve the fullrealization of this right shall include technical and vocational guidance and trainingprogrammes, policies and techniques to achieve steady economic, social andcultural development and full and productive employment under conditionssafeguarding fundamental political and economic freedoms to the individual.

第7条


  本公约缔约国确认人人有权享受公平与良好之工作条件,尤须确保:
  一、所有工作者之报酬使其最低限度均能:
  (一)获得公充之工资,工作价值相等者享受同等报酬,不得有任何区别,尤须保证妇女之工作条件不得次于男子,且应同工同酬;
  (二)维持本人及家属符合本公约规定之合理生活水平;
  二、安全卫生之工作环境;
  三、人人有平等机会于所就职业升至适当之较高等级,不受年资才能以外其他考虑之限制;
  四、休息、闲暇、工作时间之合理限制与照给薪资之定期休假,公共假日亦须给酬。

Article 7


  The States Parties to the present Covenant recognize the right of everyone to theenjoyment of just and favourable conditions of work which ensure, in particular:
  (a)Remuneration which provides all workers, as a minimum, with:
  (i)Fair wages and equal remuneration for work of equal value without distinction ofany kind, in particular women being guaranteed conditions of work not inferior tothose enjoyed by men, with equal pay for equal work;(ii)A decent living for themselves and their families in accordance with theprovisions of the present Covenant;
  (b)Safe and healthy working conditions;
  (c)Equal opportunity for everyone to be promoted in his employment to anappropriate higher level, subject to no considerations other than those of seniorityand competence;(d)Rest, leisure and reasonable limitation of working hours and periodic holidayswith pay, as well as remuneration for public holidays

第8条


  一、本公约缔约国承允确保:
  (一)人人有权为促进及保障其经济及社会利益而组织工会及加入其自身选择之工会,仅受关系组织规章之限制。除依法律之规定,且为民主社会维护国家安全或公共秩序、或保障他人权利自由所必要者外,不得限制此项权利之行使;
  (二)工会有权成立全国联合会或同盟,后者有权组织或参加国际工会组织;
  (三)工会有权自由行使职权,除依法律之规定,且为民主社会维护国家安全或公共秩序、或保障他人权利自由所必要者外,不得限制此种权利之行使;
  (四)罢工权利,但以其行使符合国家法律为限。
  二、本条并不禁止对军警或国家行政机关人员行使此种权利,加以合法限制。
  三、关于结社自由及保障组织权利之国际劳工组织一九四八年公约缔约国,不得依据本条采取立法措施或应用法律,妨碍该公约所规定之保证。

Article 8


  1.The States Parties to the present Covenant undertake to ensure:
  (a)The right of everyone to form trade unions and join the trade union of his choice,subject only to the rules of the organization concerned, for the promotion andprotection of his economic and social interests.No restrictions may be placed on theexercise of this right other than those prescribed by law and which are necessary ina democratic society in the interests of national security or public order or for theprotection of the rights and freedoms of others;
  (b)The right of trade unions to establish national federations or confederations andthe right of the latter to form or join international trade-union organizations;
  (c)The right of trade unions to function freely subject to no limitations other thanthose prescribed by law and which are necessary in a democratic society in theinterests of national security or public order or for the protection of the rights andfreedoms of others;
  (d)The right to strike, provided that it is exercised in conformity with the laws of theparticular country.
  2.This article shall not prevent the imposition of lawful restrictions on the exerciseof these rights by members of the armed forces or of the police or of theadministration of the State.
  3.Nothing in this article shall authorize States Parties to the International LabourOrganisation Convention of 1948 concerning Freedom of Association and Protectionof the Right to Organize to take legislative measures which would prejudice, orapply the law in such a manner as would prejudice, the guarantees provided for inthat Convention.

第9条


  本公约缔约国确认人人有权享受社会保障,包括社会保险。

Article 9


  The States Parties to the present Covenant recognize the right of everyone to socialsecurity, including social insurance.

第10条


  本公约缔约国确认;
  一、家庭为社会之自然基本团体单位,应尽力广予保护与协助,其成立及当其负责养护教育受扶养之儿童时,尤应予以保护与协助。婚姻必须婚嫁双方自由同意方得缔结。
  二、母亲于分娩前后相当期间内应受特别保护。工作之母亲在此期间应享受照给薪资或有适当社会保障福利之休假。
  三、所有儿童及少年应有特种措施予以保护与协助,不得因出生或其他关系而受任何歧视。儿童及青年应有保障、免受经济及社会剥削。凡雇用儿童及少年从事对其道德或健康有害、或有生命危险、或可能妨碍正常发育之工作者均应依法惩罚。国家亦应订定年龄限制,凡出资雇用未及龄之童工,均应禁止并应依法惩罚。

Article 10


  The States Parties to the present Covenant recognize that:
  1.The widest possible protection and assistance should be accorded to the family,which is the natural and fundamental group unit of society, particularly for itsestablishment and while it is responsible for the care and education of dependentchildren.Marriage must be entered into with the free consent of the intendingspouses.
  2.Special protection should be accorded to mothers during a reasonable periodbefore and after childbirth.During such period working mothers should be accordedpaid leave or leave with adequate social security benefits.
  3.Special measures of protection and assistance should be taken on behalf of allchildren and young persons without any discrimination for reasons of parentage orother conditions.Children and young persons should be protected from economicand social exploitation.Their employment in work harmful to their morals or healthor dangerous to life or likely to hamper their normal development should bepunishable by law.States should also set age limits below which the paidemployment of child labour should be prohibited and punishable by law.

第11条


  一、本公约缔约国确认人人有权享受其本人及家属所需之适当生活程度,包括适当之衣食住及不断改善之生活环境。缔约国将采取适当步骤确保此种权利之实现,同时确认在此方面基于自由同意之国际合作极为重要。
  二、本公约缔约国既确认人人有免受饥饿之基本权利,应个别及经由国际合作,采取为下列目的所需之措施,包括特定方案在内:
  (一)充分利用技术与科学知识、传布营养原则之知识、及发展或改革土地制度而使天然资源获得最有效之开发与利用,以改进粮食生产、保贮及分配之方法。
  (二)计及粮食输入及输出国家双方问题,确保世界粮食供应按照需要,公平分配。

Article 11


  1.The States Parties to the present Covenant recognize the right of everyone to anadequate standard of living for himself and his family, including adequate food,clothing and housing, and to the continuous improvement of living conditions.TheStates Parties will take appropriate steps to ensure the realization of this right,recognizing to this effect the essential importance of international co-operationbased on free consent.
  2.The States Parties to the present Covenant, recognizing the fundamental right ofeveryone to be free from hunger, shall take, individually and through internationalco-operation, the measures, including specific programmes, which are needed:
  (a)To improve methods of production, conservation and distribution of food bymaking full use of technical and scientific knowledge, by disseminating knowledgeof the principles of nutrition and by developing or reforming agrarian systems insuch a way as to achieve the most efficient development and utilization of naturalresources;
  (b)Taking into account the problems of both food-importing and food-exportingcountries, to ensure an equitable distribution of world food supplies in relation toneed.

第12条


  一、本公约缔约国确认人人有权享受可能达到之最高标准之身体与精神健康。
  二、本公约缔约国为求充分实现此种权利所采取之步骤,应包括为达成下列目的所必要之措施:
  (一)设法减低死产率及婴儿死亡率,并促进儿童之健康发育;
  (二)改良环境及工业卫生之所有方面;
  (三)预防、疗治及扑灭各种传染病、风土病、职业病及其他疾病;
  (四)创造环境,确保人人患病时均能享受医药服务与医药护理。

Article 12


  1.The States Parties to the present Covenant recognize the right of everyone to theenjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health.
  2.The steps to be taken by the States Parties to the present Covenant to achievethe full realization of this right shall include those necessary for:
  (a)The provision for the reduction of the stillbirth-rate and of infant mortality andfor the healthy development of the child;
  (b)The improvement of all aspects of environmental and industrial hygiene;
  (c)The prevention, treatment and control of epidemic, endemic, occupational andother diseases;
  (d)The creation of conditions which would assure to all medical service and medicalattention in the event of sickness.

第13条


  一、本公约缔约国确认人人有受教育之权。缔约国公认教育应谋人格及人格尊严意识之充分发展,增强对人权与基本自由之尊重。缔约国又公认教育应使人人均能参加自由社会积极贡献,应促进各民族间及各种族、人种或宗教团体间之了解、容恕及友好关系,并应推进联合国维持和平之工作。
  二、本公约缔约国为求充分实现此种权利起见,确认:
  (一)初等教育应属强迫性质,免费普及全民;
  (二)各种中等教育,包括技术及职业中等教育在内,应以一切适当方法,特别应逐渐采行免费教育制度,广行举办,庶使人人均有接受机会;
  (三)高等教育应根据能力,以一切适当方法,特别应逐渐采行免费教育制度,使人人有平等接受机会;
  (四)基本教育应尽量予以鼓励或加紧办理,以利未受初等教育或未能完成初等教育之人;
  (五)各级学校完备之制度应予积极发展,适当之奖学金制度应予设置,教育人员之物质条件亦应不断改善。
  三、本公约缔约国承允尊重父母或法定监护人为子女选择符合国家所规定或认可最低教育标准之非公立学校,及确保子女接受符合其本人信仰之宗教及道德教育之自由。
  四、本条任何部分不得解释为干涉个人或团体设立及管理教育机构之自由,但以遵守本条第一项所载原则及此等机构所施教育符合国家所定最低标准为限。

Article 13


  1.The States Parties to the present Covenant recognize the right of everyone toeducation.They agree that education shall be directed to the full development of thehuman personality and the sense of its dignity, and shall strengthen the respect forhuman rights and fundamental freedoms.They further agree that education shallenable all persons to participate effectively in a free society, promote understanding,tolerance and friendship among all nations and all racial, ethnic or religious groups,and further the activities of the United Nations for the maintenance of peace.
  2.The States Parties to the present Covenant recognize that, with a view toachieving the full realization of this right:
  (a)Primary education shall be compulsory and available free to all;
  (b)Secondary education in its different forms, including technical and vocationalsecondary education, shall be made generally available and accessible to all byevery appropriate means, and in particular by the progressive introduction of freeeducation;
  (c)Higher education shall be made equally accessible to all, on the basis of capacity,by every appropriate means, and in particular by the progressive introduction offree education;
  (d)Fundamental education shall be encouraged or intensified as far as possible forthose persons who have not received or completed the whole period of their primaryeducation;
  (e)The development of a system of schools at all levels shall be actively pursued, anadequate fellowship system shall be established, and the material conditions ofteaching staff shall be continuously improved.
  3.The States Parties to the present Covenant undertake to have respect for theliberty of parents and, when applicable, legal guardians, to choose for their childrenschools, other than those established by the public authorities, which conform tosuch minimum educational standards as may be laid down or approved by the Stateand to ensure the religious and moral education of their children in conformity withtheir own convictions.
  4.No part of this article shall be construed so as to interfere with the liberty ofindividuals and bodies to establish and direct educational institutions, subjectalways to the observance of the principles set forth in paragraph 1 of this article andto the requirement that the education given in such institutions shall conform tosuch minimum standards as may be laid down by the State.

第14条


  本公约缔约国倘成为缔约国时尚未能在其本土或其所管辖之其他领土内推行免费强迫初等教育,承允在两年内订定周详计划,庶期在计划所订之合理年限内,逐渐实施普遍免费强迫教育之原则。

Article 14


  Each State Party to the present Covenant which, at the time of becoming a Party,has not been able to secure in its metropolitan territory or other territories under itsjurisdiction compulsory primary education, free of charge, undertakes, within twoyears, to work out and adopt a detailed plan of action for the progressiveimplementation, within a reasonable number of years, to be fixed in the plan, of theprinciple of compulsory education free of charge for all.

第15条


  一、本公约缔约国确认人人有权:
  (一)参加文化生活;
  (二)享受科学进步及应用之惠;
  (三)对其本人之任何科学、文学或艺术作品所获得之精神与物质利益,享受保护之惠。
  二、本公约缔约国为求充分实现此种权利而采取之步骤,应包括保存、发扬及传播科学与文化所必要之办法。
  三、本公约缔约国承允尊重科学研究及创作活动所不可缺少之自由。
  四、本公约缔约国确认鼓励及发展科学文化方面国际接触与合作之利。

Article 15


  1.The States Parties to the present Covenant recognize the right of everyone:
  (a)To take part in cultural life;
  (b)To enjoy the benefits of scientific progress and its applications;
  (c)To benefit from the protection of the moral and material interests resulting fromany scientific, literary or artistic production of which he is the author.
  2.The steps to be taken by the States Parties to the present Covenant to achievethe full realization of this right shall include those necessary for the conservation,the development and the diffusion of science and culture.
  3.The States Parties to the present Covenant undertake to respect the freedomindispensable for scientific research and creative activity.
  4.The States Parties to the present Covenant recognize the benefits to be derivedfrom the encouragement and development of international contacts andco-operation in the scientific and cultural fields.

                                            回索引〉〉

第肆编

第16条


  一、本公约缔约国承允依照本公约本编规定,各就其促进遵守本公约所确认各种权利而采取之措施及所获之进展,提具报告书。
  二、(一)所有报告书应提交联合国秘书长,秘书长应将副本送由经济暨社会理事会依据本公约规定审议;
    (二)如本公约缔约国亦为专门机关会员国,其所递报告书或其中任何部分涉及之事项,依据各该专门机关之组织法系属其责任范围者,联合国秘书长亦应将报告书副本或其中任何有关部份,转送各该专门机关。

PART IV

Article 16


  1.The States Parties to the present Covenant undertake to submit in conformitywith this part of the Covenant reports on the measures which they have adoptedand the progress made in achieving the observance of the rights recognized herein.
  2.(a)All reports shall be submitted to the Secretary-General of the United Nations,who shall transmit copies to the Economic and Social Council for consideration inaccordance with the provisions of the present Covenant;
  (b)The Secretary-General of the United Nations shall also transmit to thespecialized agencies copies of the reports, or any relevant parts therefrom, fromStates Parties to the present Covenant which are also members of these specializedagencies in so far as these reports, or parts therefrom, relate to any matters whichfall within the responsibilities of the said agencies in accordance with theirconstitutional instruments.

第17条


  一、本公约缔约国应按经济暨社会理事会于本公约生效后一年内与缔约国及各有关专门机关商洽订定之办法,分期提出报告书。
  二、报告书中得说明由于何种因素或困难以致影响本公约所规定各种义务履行之程度。
  三、倘有关之情报前经本公约缔约国提送联合国或任何专门机关在案,该国得仅明确注明该项情报已见何处,不必重行提送。

Article 17


  1.The States Parties to the present Covenant shall furnish their reports in stages, inaccordance with a programme to be established by the Economic and Social Councilwithin one year of the entry into force of the present Covenant after consultationwith the States Parties and the specialized agencies concerned.
  2.Reports may indicate factors and difficulties affecting the degree of fulfilment ofobligations under the present Covenant.
  3.Where relevant information has previously been furnished to the United Nationsor to any specialized agency by any State Party to the present Covenant, it will notbe necessary to reproduce that information, but a precise reference to theinformation so furnished will suffice.

第18条


  经济暨社会理事会得依其根据联合国宪章所负人权及基本自由方面之责任与各专门机关商订办法,由各该机关就促进遵守本公约规定属其工作范围者所获之进展,向理事会具报。此项报告书并得详载各该机关之主管机构为实施本公约规定所通过决议及建议之内容。

Article 18


  Pursuant to its responsibilities under the Charter of the United Nations in the field ofhuman rights and fundamental freedoms, the Economic and Social Council maymake arrangements with the specialized agencies in respect of their reporting to iton the progress made in achieving the observance of the provisions of the presentCovenant falling within the scope of their activities.These reports may includeparticulars of decisions and recommendations on such implementation adopted bytheir competent organs.

第19条


  经济暨社会理事会得将各国依第十六条及第十七条之规定,以及各专门机关依第十八条之规定,就人权问题提出之报告书,交由人权委员会研讨并提具一般建议,或斟酌情形供其参考。

Article 19


  The Economic and Social Council may transmit to the Commission on Human Rightsfor study and general recommendation or, as appropriate, for information thereports concerning human rights submitted by States in accordance with articles 16and 17, and those concerning human rights submitted by the specialized agencies inaccordance with article 18.

第20条


  本公约各关系缔约国及各关系专门机关得就第十九条所称之任何一般建议、或就人权委员会任何报告书或此项报告书所述及任何文件中关于此等一般建议之引证,向经济暨社会理事会提出评议。

Article 20


  The States Parties to the present Covenant and the specialized agencies concernedmay submit comments to the Economic and Social Council on any generalrecommendation under article 19 or reference to such general recommendation inany report of the Commission on Human Rights or any documentation referred totherein.

第21条


  经济暨社会理事会得随时向大会提出报告书,连同一般性质之建议,以及从本公约缔约国与各专门机关收到关于促进普遍遵守本公约确认之各种权利所采措施及所获进展之情报撮要。

Article 21


  The Economic and Social Council may submit from time to time to the GeneralAssembly reports with recommendations of a general nature and a summary of theinformation received from the States Parties to the present Covenant and thespecialized agencies on the measures taken and the progress made in achievinggeneral observance of the rights recognized in the present Covenant.

第22条


  经济暨社会理事会得将本公约本编各项报告书中之任何事项,对于提供技术协助之联合国其他机关,各该机关之辅助机关及各专门机关,可以助其各就职权范围,决定可能促进切实逐步实施本公约之各项国际措施是否得当者,提请各该机关注意。

Article 22


  The Economic and Social Council may bring to the attention of other organs of theUnited Nations, their subsidiary organs and specialized agencies concerned withfurnishing technical assistance any matters arising out of the reports referred to inthis part of the present Covenant which may assist such bodies in deciding, eachwithin its field of competence, on the advisability of international measures likely tocontribute to the effective progressive implementation of the present Covenant.

第23条


  本公约缔约国一致认为实现本公约所确认权利之国际行动,可有订立公约、通过建议、提供技术协助及举行与关系国政府会同办理之区域会议及技术会议从事谘商研究等方法。

Article 23


  The States Parties to the present Covenant agree that international action for theachievement of the rights recognized in the present Covenant includes suchmethods as the conclusion of conventions, the adoption of recommendations, thefurnishing of technical assistance and the holding of regional meetings and technicalmeetings for the purpose of consultation and study organized in conjunction withthe Governments concerned.

第24条


  本公约之解释,不得影响联合国宪章及各专门机关组织法内规定联合国各机关及各专门机关分别对本公约所处理各种事项所负责任之规定。

Article 24


  Nothing in the present Covenant shall be interpreted as impairing the provisions ofthe Charter of the United Nations and of the constitutions of the specialized agencieswhich define the respective responsibilities of the various organs of the UnitedNations and of the specialized agencies in regard to the matters dealt with in thepresent Covenant.

第25条


  本公约之解释,不得损害所有民族充分与自由享受及利用其天然财富与资源之天赋权利。

Article 25


  Nothing in the present Covenant shall be interpreted as impairing the inherent rightof all peoples to enjoy and utilize fully and freely their natural wealth and resources.

                                            回索引〉〉

第伍编

第26条


  一、本公约听由联合国会员国或其专门机关会员国、国际法院规约当事国及经联合国大会邀请为本公约缔约国之任何其他国家签署。
  二、本公约须经批准。批准书应送交联合国秘书长存放。
  三、本公约听由本条第一项所称之任何国家加入。
  四、加入应以加入书交存联合国秘书长为之。
  五、联合国秘书长应将每一批准书或加入书之交存,通知已经签署或加入本公约之所有国家。

PART V

Article 26


  1.The present Covenant is open for signature by any State Member of the UnitedNations or member of any of its specialized agencies, by any State Party to theStatute of the International Court of Justice, and by any other State which has beeninvited by the General Assembly of the United Nations to become a party to thepresent Covenant.
  2.The present Covenant is subject to ratification.Instruments of ratification shall bedeposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations.
  3.The present Covenant shall be open to accession by any State referred to inparagraph 1 of this article.
  4.Accession shall be effected by the deposit of an instrument of accession with theSecretary-General of the United Nations.
  5.The Secretary-General of the United Nations shall inform all States which havesigned the present Covenant or acceded to it of the deposit of each instrument ofratification or accession.

第27条


  一、本公约应自第三十五件批准书或加入书送交联合国秘书长存放之日起三个月后发生效力。
  二、对于在第三十五件批准书或加入书交存后批准或加入本公约之国家,本公约应自该国交存批准书或加入书之日起三个月后发生效力。

Article 27


  1.The present Covenant shall enter into force three months after the date of thedeposit with the Secretary-General of the United Nations of the thirty-fifthinstrument of ratification or instrument of accession.
  2.For each State ratifying the present Covenant or acceding to it after the depositof the thirty-fifth instrument of ratification or instrument of accession, the presentCovenant shall enter into force three months after the date of the deposit of its owninstrument of ratification or instrument of accession.

第28条


  本公约各项规定应一律适用于联邦国家之全部领土,并无限制或例外。

Article 28


  The provisions of the present Covenant shall extend to all parts of federal Stateswithout any limitations or exceptions.

第29条


  一、本公约缔约国得提议修改本公约,将修正案提交联合国秘书长。秘书长应将提议之修正案分送本公约各缔约国,并请其通知是否赞成召开缔约国会议,以审议并表决所提议案。如缔约国三分之一以上赞成召开会议,秘书长应以联合国名义召集之。经出席会议并投票之缔约国过半数通过之修正案,应提请联合国大会核可。
  二、修正案经联合国大会核可,并经本公约缔约国三分之二各依本国宪法程序接受后,即发生效力。
  三、修正案生效后,对接受此种修正之缔约国具有拘束力;其他缔约国仍受本公约原订条款及其前此所接受修正案之拘束。

Article 29


  1.Any State Party to the present Covenant may propose an amendment and file itwith the Secretary-General of the United Nations.The Secretary-General shallthereupon communicate any proposed amendments to the States Parties to thepresent Covenant with a request that they notify him whether they favour aconference of States Parties for the purpose of considering and voting upon theproposals.In the event that at least one third of the States Parties favours such aconference, the Secretary-General shall convene the conference under the auspicesof the United Nations.Any amendment adopted by a majority of the States Partiespresent and voting at the conference shall be submitted to the General Assembly ofthe United Nations for approval.
  2.Amendments shall come into force when they have been approved by the GeneralAssembly of the United Nations and accepted by a two-thirds majority of the StatesParties to the present Covenant in accordance with their respective constitutionalprocesses.
  3.When amendments come into force they shall be binding on those States Partieswhich have accepted them, other States Parties still being bound by the provisionsof the present Covenant and any earlier amendment which they have accepted.

第30条


  除第二十六条第五项规定之通知外,联合国秘书长应将下列事项通知同条第一项所称之所有国家:
  一、依第二十六条所为之签署、批准及加入;
  二、依第二十七条本公约发生效力之日期,及依第二十九条任何修正案发生效力之日期。

Article 30


  Irrespective of the notifications made under article 26, paragraph 5, theSecretary-General of the United Nations shall inform all States referred to inparagraph I of the same article of the following particulars:
  (a)Signatures, ratifications and accessions under article 26;
  (b)The date of the entry into force of the present Covenant under article 27 and thedate of the entry into force of any amendments under article 29.

第31条


  一、本公约应交存联合国档库,其中、英、法、俄及西文各本同一作准。
  二、联合国秘书长应将本公约正式副本分送第二十六条所称之所有国家。
  为此,下列各代表秉其本国政府正式授予之权,谨签字于自一九六六年十二月十九日起得由各国在纽约签署之本公约,以昭信守。

Article 31


  1.The present Covenant, of which the Chinese, English, French, Russian andSpanish texts are equally authentic, shall be deposited in the archives of the UnitedNations.
  2.The Secretary-General of the United Nations shall transmit certified copies of thepresent Covenant to all States referred to in article 26.
  IN FAITH WHEREOF the undersigned, being duly authorized thereto by theirrespective Governments, have signed the present Covenant, opened for signatureat New York, on the nineteenth day of December, one thousand nine hundred andsixty-six.


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